嘿伙计们，我们正在进入本课程的一部分，我们现在实际上要开始深入研究 Chimay 滑手技术，在我们开始创建界面之前，非常重要的一点是了解我们要做什么创建这些接口。
Hey guys we're getting into the part of this course where we're actually going to be start now delving into the Chimay skater technologies and before we start creating interfaces something that's going to be very important is to know for what are we going to be creating these interfaces.

对于本课程，我设计了一个系统，我们将对其进行编程，这就是您现在所看到的。
And for this course I have designed a system that we're going to be programming and that's what you're looking at right now.

我将花一些时间引导您完成这个系统，因为您需要了解您正在编程的内容以及它如何最好地工作应该是显而易见的。
And I'm going to take some time and walk you through this system because you need to understand what you're programming and how it works best should be obvious right.

那么让我们真正看一下这个系统，看看它是什么。
So let's really take a look at this system see what it is.

看看它怎么运作。
See how it works.

看看它有哪些不同的流程，这样当我们开始为其创建屏幕时，我们就会知道我们需要设计什么以及它需要如何运行。
See what it's different processes are so that when we start creating screens for it we're going to know what we need to design and how it needs to function.

所以我们现在看到的叫做 P.N.
So what we're looking at right now is called a P.N.

ID是流程和仪表图。
ID which is a process and instrumentation diagram.

这将向我们展示到底发生了什么，它将向我们展示我们的仪器是什么，仪器是一个术语，我们用来描述所有输入设备，这些设备正在读取系统、读取环境并与 PLCC 进行通信，告诉它诸如此类的信息水箱液位是多少，压力是多少，温度是多少。
This is going to show us exactly what's happening and it's going to show us what our instrumentation is instrumentation is a term that we use to describe all of our input devices which are reading the system reading the environment and communicating with our PLCC telling it things like what the tank level is what the pressure is what the temperature is.

诸如此类的东西被称为乐器。
Things like that those are called instruments.

让我们看一下这个钢琴 ID，我将通过这里以非常快速和简单的方式为您解释所有这些符号。
Let's take a look at this piano ID and I'm going to go through here and interpret all of these symbols for you in a very quick and simple manner.

从左边开始，我们看到这条管道来自供水系统。
Starting from the left we see this pipe coming from the water supply.

那么供水是怎样的呢。
So what is the water supply.

是湖吗。
Is it a lake.

这是一口井还是一个游泳池。
Is it a well is it a swimming pool.

好吧，我们真的不知道也不关心。
Well we don't really know nor do we care.

但无论出于何种目的，我们所知道的是，这是一种无限的供水，我们可以随时从中取水。
But for all intents and purposes what we know is that it's an unlimited water supply from which we can always draw water.

所以这对我们来说已经足够了。
So that's good enough for us.

然后我们进入 S V 一 S B 代表 Scilla 烦恼阀。
Then we come into S V one S B stands for Scilla annoyed valve.

这是一个由电磁阀控制的阀门，伊利诺伊州电动阀将由我们的 PLCC 控制。
So this is a valve controlled by an electric solenoid and that electric Illinois is going to be controlled by our PLCC.

因此，我们的 PLCC 将能够使用数字输出打开或关闭该阀门。
So this is a valve that our PLCC is going to be able to open or close using a digital output.

对于间谍 2 3 4 5 和 6 也可以说同样的事情。
The same thing can be said for espies 2 3 4 5 and 6.

所以我们有六个。
So we've got six of these.

这个系统上的阀门很烦人，它们的工作方式都是一样的。
So annoyed valves on this system and they all work the same way.

我们要给电磁阀通电以将其打开。
We're going to energize that solenoid to open it.

我们将关闭该电磁阀的电源，使其接近向右移动。
We're going to de-energize that solenoid to make it close moving to the right.

我们看到我们有一个 FS，并且这是我们系统上唯一的 FS。
We see we have an FS one and that's the only FS on our system.

FS是浮动开关。
FS is a float switch.

因此，这将是我们系统的数字输入，每当有东西流过开关时，系统就会关闭或通电。
So what this is is going to be a digital input into our system which is going to close or energize whenever something is flowing past the switch.

在我们的例子中，显然这将是水。
In our case obviously that's going to be water.

因此，当水流过 FS 1 时，我们将关闭该输入，而当没有任何东西流过时，即使管道中可能有水，如果水没有流动，则该输入将打开。
So when water is flowing past FS one we're going to close that input and when there's nothing flowing past even though we might have water just sitting in the pipe if that water is not flowing then this input is going to be open.

然后我们到达 P1 P1 只是我们的泵。
Then we get to P1 P1 is simply our pump.

我们这个系统上只有一台泵，并且该泵由数字输出控制，我们将给该输出通电以使泵启动。
We only have one pump on this system and the one is controlled by a digital output and we're going to energize that output to make the pump come on.

我们将切断该输出以关闭泵。
We're going to de-energize that output to turn the pump back off.

简单的东西。
Simple stuff.

我们在系统中看到的下一个东西是 Pete T-1，我们还有一个 P-T 位于右侧稍远的地方。
The next thing we see in our system is Pete T-1 And we also have a P-T to a little further to the right.

Peetie 是压力变送器或压力传感器。
Peetie is a pressure transmitter or a pressure transducer.

它的作用是将系统中影响系统的压力转换为模拟信号，该信号将通过模拟输入通道发送到 PLCC。
What that's going to do is it's going to translate the pressure that's affecting it in the system into an analog signal which is going to be sent into our PLCC on an analog input channel.

那个的真实意义是什么。
What does that really mean.

就是读书的压力。
It's reading pressure.

这里的所有都是它的。
That's all there is to it.

它读取系统中的压力，并为我们提供模拟输入，我们当然会将其缩放为 PD 使用 0 到 16 383，仅此而已。
It's reading pressure in the system and it's giving us an analog input which we're going to of course scale for PD use 0 to 16 383 and that's all there is to it.

这就是这个东西的工作原理。
That's how this thing works.

它读取压力。
It reads pressure.

我们图中的唯一其他设备是我们的 LTE 设备，您可以看到它从我们的储罐顶部出来。
The only other device that we have on our diagram here is our LTE one which you see coming out of the top of our storage tank.

LTE 是一个液位发射器。
LTE is a level transmitter.

因此，它将读取水箱中存储的水位，并将其作为模拟输入发送到我们的 PLCC 中。
So what that's going to be doing is reading the level of the water stored in the tank and it's going to be sending that also into our PLCC as an analog input.

因此，看看这张图，我们现在应该知道几乎所有这些设备都是我们真正没有在右下角看到的 B.V. 的唯一设备。
So looking at this diagram we should now know pretty much all of these devices are the only device that we really haven't dis this on the bottom right you see a B.V.

一种是球阀，它只是一种手动阀门。
one that's ball valve which is just a hand-operated valve.

所以这甚至不是我们的 PLCC 能够控制的。
So that's not even something that our PLCC is going to control.

如果需要排空水箱，有人会通过并用手启动。
That's just something that somebody would come through and actuate with their hand if they needed to drain the tank.

现在我们清楚地了解了屏幕上的所有设备。
So now we understand exactly what all of the devices are on the screen.

现在让我们了解这些设备的工作原理以及整个系统的工作原理。
Now let's get into how these devices work and how this system works as a whole.

这是同一个 ID。
Here's the same p an ID.

但现在我实际上只是在这个系统上做了一些描述和一些箭头。
But now I've actually just put a little bit of description and some arrows on this system.

所以我们的系统将有两种模式。
So our system's going to have two modes.

这是一个水过滤系统，该系统的正常流量将正是您在这里看到的那样。
It's this is a water filtration system and the normal flow of this system is going to be exactly what you're looking at here.

水将通过 P1 泵送，并通过电磁阀从供水系统中吸出，电磁阀在正常运行期间会打开。
Water is going to be pumped with P1 and it's going to be sucked from our water supply through our solenoid valve one which would be open during normal operation.

它会经过我们的流量开关，而我们的流量开关是用来保护我们的泵的。
It's going to go past our flow switch and our flow switch is there to protect our pump.

因此，如果泵开始转动并且流量开关没有关闭。
So if the pump starts turning and the flow switch doesn't close.

这意味着我们已经用完了水。
What that means is somehow we've run out of water.

也许我们的管道堵塞了，也许仍然对阀门卡住感到恼火。
Maybe we have a blocked pipe maybe still annoyed valve one is stuck.

也许我们的供水不知何故干涸了。
Maybe our water supply somehow ran dry.

无论如何，如果没有流量，我们都不想继续运行泵一，因为它会使我们的泵产生气穴，并且该泵将被损坏。
Whatever the case we don't want to keep running pump one if there is no flow because it's going to Cavitat our pump and that pump is going to be destroyed.

大多数泵在没有东西流过的情况下都无法运行。
You can't run most pumps without something flowing through them.

你不能把它们弄干，否则它们会破裂。
You can't run them dry or they'll break.

这就是流量开关，因此它是对我们的泵的一种保护。
So that's what flow switch one is therefore it's a protection for our pump.

我们将使用 PLCC 来检查并确保泵运行时流量开关关闭，如果没有关闭，我们将关闭泵并发出警报。
We're going to be using the PLCC to check and make sure that flow switches closed while our pump is running and if it's not we're going to turn our pump off and sound an alarm.

因此，水来自供水系统，通过电磁阀 1，通过流量开关，然后通过泵，然后泵将水推过电磁阀 3，然后流经压力变送器、过滤器，然后经过第二个压力变送器。
So the water comes from the water supply through solenoid valve one through our flow switch then through the pump and then the pump is pushing that water through solenoid valve 3 and then it's going through a pressure transmitter the filter and then a second pressure transmitter.

那么为什么我们要有这两种压力变送器呢？
So why do we have these two pressure transmitters.

好吧，我们想看看进入过滤器的压力是多少，从过滤器出来的压力是多少，因为当我们运行这个过滤器时，它会积累污染物，进入过滤器的压力会变得越来越高，越高，过滤器内的污染物就越多。
Well we want to see what the pressure is going into the filter and what the pressure is coming out of the filter because as we run this filter it's going to be accumulating contaminants and the pressure going into the filter is going to get higher and higher and higher the more contaminants we have inside of that filter.

当我们观察这两个压力变送器之间的差异时，我们将其称为压差，它可以准确地告诉我们过滤器有多脏，以及何时达到一定的阻力水平，并且我们之间存在一定的差异这两个压力然后我们想要继续进入我们的第二种操作模式，该模式将使水向后流过该过滤器，将所有污染物推入排水管，它将自动为我们清洁该过滤器。
And when we look at the difference between these two pressure transmitters we're going to call that a differential pressure that's going to tell us exactly how dirty our filter is and when it gets to a certain level of resistance and we have a certain difference between these two pressures then we want to go ahead and go into our second mode of operation which is going to flow water backwards through this filter to push all of that contaminant out into a drain and it's going to clean that filter for us automatically.

这就是这个系统的优点。
That's what's cool about this system.

回到我们的正常流程。
Back to our normal flow.

我们的水会经过 P-T，它会经过过滤器，出来的水可能会更干净一些，然后也会经过 P-T。
Our water's going through P-T one it's going through the filter where it's presumably going to be a little bit cleaner coming out then it's going to go through P-T too.

它将通过我们的电磁阀 5，然后落入该储罐中。
It's going to go through our solenoid valve 5 and then it's going to be dropped into this storage tank.

从那个储罐，您可以在右侧看到我们有另一条线路通向最终用户。
And from that storage tank you can see to the right we have another line going out to the end user.

因此，我们系统的目的是用我们的过滤器将供水净化，然后将其放入储水箱中，以便其他人可以将水抽出并使用干净的水。
So the purpose of our system is to take this supply water clean it with our filter and then put it into a storage tank so that somebody else can draw that water out and have clean water to use.

好吧，这很有意义，而且很简单。
Ok that makes a lot of sense and that's easy.

因此，我们真正需要了解的关于该系统的唯一另一件事是当过滤器变脏时会发生什么。
So the only other thing we really need to understand about this system is what happens when that filter gets dirty.

当我们的压力变送器之间存在显着差异时会发生什么，表明过滤器实际上刚刚充满了污染物。
What happens when our pressure transmitters have a significant difference between them showing that that filter has really just filled up with contaminants.

这是我们的 PSA I.D 的第三个版本。
Well here's our third version of our PSA I.D.

我已经标记了这一点以显示反冲洗反冲洗，因为我们使水向后流动来清洗过滤器。
and this one I've marked up to show backwash backwash because we're flowing water backwards to wash our filter.

在这种情况下，我们将更改仍然烦恼的阀门的配置，现在只要我们的泵运行，它就会抽水，但我们已经关闭了仍然烦恼的阀门一。
In this case we're going to change the configuration of our still annoyed valves and now whenever our pump runs it's going to be drawing water but we've closed still annoyed valve one.

所以它不能从供水系统中取水，但我们也打开了电磁阀。
So it can't draw water from the water supply but we've opened solenoid valve too.

因此，现在当水泵开始吸水时，它不会从供水系统中抽水。
So now when the pumps start sucking it's not going to pull water from the water supply.

它将从储水箱中抽水。
It's going to pull water from the storage tank.

所以它将从我们的水箱中抽出干净的水，然后将其推入。
So it's going to be pulling clean water out of our tank and then it's going to be pushing it.

但是，当它试图排出水时，它无法再通过仍然恼怒的山谷 3，因为我们已经关闭了仍然恼怒的山谷 3，并且我们已经关闭了电磁阀 5，但我们已经打开了电磁阀 4 和 6。
But when it tries to discharge the water it can't go through still annoyed Valley 3 anymore because we've closed still annoyed Valley 3 and we've closed solenoid valve 5 but we've opened solenoid valves 4 and 6.

因此，我们为水创建了一条不同的流动路径。
So we've created a different path of flow for that water.

现在，当它离开泵而不是进入过滤器的入口侧而不是进入我们图表中过滤器的左侧时，它将绕过主管线到达过滤器的另一侧，并且它将流动向后通过该过滤器，将所有积聚的污染物推出，然后将它们直接推入排水沟。
Now when it leaves the pump instead of going into the inlet side of the filter instead of going into the left of the filter on our diagram here it's going to bypass the main line come up onto the other side of that filter and it's going to flow backwards through that filter pushing all of the contaminants which have accumulated out and then it's going to push them straight out into a drain.

因此，我们只需将干净的水倒流通过过滤器即可清洁过滤器。
So we're just going to be taking our clean water flowing it backwards through our filter to clean the filter out.

当然，现在这些水将充满污染物，我们将把它推入排水沟并丢弃这些水。
And now of course this water is going to be full of contaminants and we're going to push that down into a drain and just discard that water.

所以这是一个非常智能的系统，它会自动清洁水，然后当过滤器变脏时，它会自动检测到并进行自我清洁，然后它将恢复正常运行，而不会影响供应、存储和用户总是会有水放在那里。
So this is a pretty smart system it's going to automatically clean water and then when it's filter it gets dirty it's going to automatically detect that and clean itself and then it's going to go back to normal operation without ever impacting the supply and the storage and the user is always going to have water sitting there.

操作员无需经常检查过滤器以确保其正常，甚至无需手动进入并清洁过滤器。
And the operator's not going to have to be constantly checking the filter making sure it's OK and is not even going to have to manually get in and clean that filter.

这一切都会自动发生。
This is all going to happen automatically.

这就是我们将要使用的系统。
So that's the system that we're going to be using.

我已经为此编写了程序，稍后我们将讨论该程序。
I've written the program for this and we're going to go through that program a little bit later.

但这就是系统的样子和工作原理。
But this is what the system looks like and how it works.

因此，这是一个非常真实的系统示例，您可能在现场实际遇到，您将创建一个 HDMI，它可以从上到下处理整个事情，当我们完成时，它会很棒。
So it's a very real world example of a system that you might actually encounter in the field and you're going to be creating an HDMI that can handle this whole thing top to bottom and it's going to be awesome when we're done.

所以请继续关注。
So stay tuned.

回头见。
See you then.

干杯。
Cheers.